![]() ![]() Results should reflect the concept of dependability in that they are consistent with the context in which they were created. The research product is not expected or required to describe every facet of the phenomenon under investigation. The human and social experiences studied in qualitative research are complex. Specific considerations apply to the discussion of qualitative results. Based on the presentation of themes, investigators may create a model or framework, which can illustrate the results and how results add and relate to current literature. Data selected to highlight themes should be logical and transparent to both investigators and readers. Data may be presented either within the text, as a table, or in a figure, such as a concept map. Study results should be presented sequentially and include detailed explanations of the themes identified, paired with data, such as illustrative participant quotes. ![]() Saturation is achieved when the data collection process no longer uncovers novel insights or themes. Unlike power analyses that dictate sample size in quantitative research, the concept of saturation drives the data acquisition process in qualitative research. Common techniques include content analysis, interviews, and direct observation of social interactions. Though differences exist in each methodological approach, similar techniques are used for data collection. Selection of future subjects is based upon the recommendations of current subjects Subjects are selected completely by chance from the general population or a subset of interest Subjects are selected based on pertinent experiences or perspectives Subjects are selected based on availability and accessibility to the research team Table 2: Common Sampling Methods 2 Convenience Sampling The goal of data collection in qualitative research is depth of understanding, which places particular importance on subject selection and engagement. Seeks to understand the meaning of individuals' lived experiences 6 Seeks to understand social processes in order to inform development of new theory 4,5 Seeks to understand people in their cultural and social setting 4 Seeks to understand a case or case-series that reflects an underlying problem of interest 4 Table 1: Commonly Used Qualitative Methodological Approaches Case Study Quantitative research is based upon objectivism or positivism, the belief in the existence of an absolute truth that, through effective research, can be discovered or described. The most profound difference is the epistemology-or view on reality-that each technique is founded upon. Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in many important ways.
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